Karl Schwarzschild was a German astrophysicist. During World War One he was serving as a lieutenant in a German army. In 1915 Einstein published his General theory of relativity, on the same year Schwarzschild provided his first solution to Einstein's field equation.
Schwarzschild published two research papers before the age of 16 and received Ph.D. at the age of 23. He was also appointed as a director of observatory in Gottingen. In 1914 he joined war as a lieutenant.
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While serving on Eastern front, he wrote Einstein a latter on the field equation in the simplest form. He was able to derive a geometry which satisfies Einstein's equations, describing the geometry of the space-time around a non-rotating mass.
In reply Einstein wrote him "I have read your paper with the utmost interest. I had not expected that one could formulate the exact solution of the problem in such a simple way. I liked very much your mathematical treatment of the subject. Next Thursday I shall present the work to the Academy with a few words of explanation".
The black hole has so high density so that its escape velocity is almost equal the speed of light which is 3 * 10^8 m/s. That means even light cannot escape from it.
Schwarzschild worked on the idea that , what if we want to convert any object into the black hole, we have to compress the object to to the very high density. The maximum radius of an object to which an object should be compressed to convert into the black hole, the radius is called Schwarzschild radius.
The sun do not have enough mass to convert into black hole naturally. But if we compress it to convert into black hole, it have to be compressed to 3 km radius. The earth should be compressed to 9 mm and moon to the 0.1 mm. Similarly we can compress any object to convert into micro black hole.
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